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CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN DIAGNOSTICS
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CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN DIAGNOSTICS
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Academic year 2024/2025
- Course ID
- BIO0260
- Teachers
- Miriam Martini (Lecturer)
Isaia Barbieri (Lecturer) - Year
- 1st year
- Teaching period
- First semester
- Type
- Distinctive
- Credits/Recognition
- 7
- Course disciplinary sector (SSD)
- BIO/11 - molecular biology
BIO/13 - experimental biology - Delivery
- Formal authority
- Language
- English
- Attendance
- Obligatory
- Type of examination
- Written
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Sommario del corso
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Course objectives
The cell biology module will focus on the organization and regulation of cell process, from the molecular to the system level. The aim is giving to biotechnologists the fundamental knowledge of the main biological processes at cellular and subcellular levels. In particular, the course will provide the tools to translate these skills in both pre-clinical and clinical diagnostic technologies.
The principles of molecular biology module is aimed at providing a synthetic view of the basic molecular biology knowledge normally acquired in the undergraduate course of biology and biotechnology, tailored to provide all the bases to follow the more applied second part. The objectives of this module consist in providing solid information about the biochemical structure of DNA and RNA, DNA dynamic organization within the chromatin, the replication and recombination mechanisms, DNA repair, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including the role of non-coding RNAs in regulating gene expression.
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Results of learning outcomes
At the end of the cell biology course, the student should know:
- organization of the cell, organelles and related endomembranes;
- mechanisms of molecular regulations in eukaryotic organisms, focusing on the human being, with a specific attention to their alteration in pathologic conditions.
- regulations of the protein processing, trafficking and sorting;
- regulation of cellular metabolism and energy.
At the end of the molecular biology course, the student should have a deep knowledge of:
- biochemical structure of DNA and RNA.
- DNA dynamic organization within the chromatin
- replication and recombination mechanisms
- DNA repair mechanisms
- DNA recombination
- transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression,
role of non-coding RNA in regulating gene expression.
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Program
Cell biology
- Cell membrane: structure and functions
- Cell organelles, type, structure and functions
- Protein processing, trafficking and sorting
- Receptors and signals
- Cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
- Cellular interactions in tissue homeostasis and in pathological conditions development
Molecular biology
DNA
- Intro centrality of DNA: Avery experiments and central dogma of Molecular Biology
- DNA structure
- RNA structure
- Chromatin structure, its remodeling and DNA methylation.
- Nucleosomes
- Histones, reversible post-translational modifications
- Histone code, i.e. the biochemical implications of Histone modifications
- DNA methylation and its biochemical implications
Chromosomes:
- Telomeres, centromeres
- Chromosomes duplication:
- Chromatin replication
- DNA replication
Genome Expression
- Transcription
- Transcription regulation (cooperativity, repression, ..)
- epigenetics, nucleosome positioning and remodelling, readers,
- gene expression factory: elongation, maturation, splicing, transport, non-sense mediated decay
- DNA topology, Insulator
- mRNA functions
- mRNA structure
- Ribosomal RNA e tRNA
- lincRNA
- small structural RNAs (snoRNA, miRNA)
- mRNA translation and its regulation
DNA repair
- DNA damage and chemical modifications
- DNA repair mechanisms
- Biochemical and biological consequense of defective DNA repair
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Course delivery
Cell biology
The course will consist of a series of introductory lectures, using power point slides, which will be made available to the students. The active participation at the discussion is strongly encouraged.
Molecular Biology
START UNITO module consisting of pre-recorded lectures and knowledge assessment questionnaires available online.
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Learning assessment methods
Cell Biology
The exam will consist of a written test including 4 open questions (score from 0 to 7 according to the accuracy of the answer) and 4 multiple choice questions (score 1). Specifically, will be evaluated the capability to discuss in depth and properly the main topics of the course, including also logic, reasoning ability, criticism, quality of the exposure and the appropriateness in the use of scientific terminology.
Molecular Biology
Learning assessment related to the Start module will be assayed by a multiple choice test after the completion of the Module and questionnaires online.
Suggested readings and bibliography
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Teaching Modules
- Cell biology in diagnostics (BIO0260B)
- Fundamentals of molecular biology (BIO0260A)
- Enroll
- Open
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